1509: Pope Julius II excommunicates the Italian state of Venice.
1565: The first Spanish settlement in Philippines is established in Cebu City.
1773: British Parliament passes the Tea Act.
1746: King George II wins the battle of Culloden.
1813: American forces capture York (present-day Toronto), the seat of government in Ontario.
1861: President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus.
1861: West Virginia secedes from Virginia after Virginia secedes from the Union.
1863: The Army of the Potomac begins marching on Chancellorsville.
1865: The Sultana, a steam-powered riverboat, catches fire and burns after one of its boilers explodes. At least 1,238 of the 2,031 passengers–mostly former Union POWs–are killed.
1909: The Sultan of Turkey, Abdul Hamid II, is overthrown.
1937: German bombers of the Condor Legion devastate Guernica, Spain.
1941: The Greek army capitulates to the invading Germans.
1950: South Africa passes the Group Areas Act, formally segregating races.
1961: The United Kingdom grants Sierra Leone independence.
1975: Saigon is encircled by North Vietnamese troops.
1978: The Afghanistan revolution begins.
1989: Protesting students take over Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China.
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