1213: King John submits to the Pope, offering to make England and Ireland papal fiefs. Pope Innocent III lifts the interdict of 1208.
1602: English navigator Bartholomew Gosnold discovers Cape Cod.
1614: An aristocratic uprising in France ends with treaty of St. Menehould.
1618: Johannes Kepler discovers his harmonics law.
1702: The War of Spanish Succession begins.
1730: Following the resignation of Lord Townshend, Robert Walpole becomes the sole minister in the English cabinet.
1768: By the Treaty of Versailles, France purchases Corsica from Genoa.
1795: Napoleon enters the Lombardian capital of Milan in triumph.
1820: The U.S. Congress designates the slave trade a form of piracy.
1849: Neapolitan troops enter Palermo, Sicily.
1862: The Union ironclad Monitor and the gunboat Galena fire on Confederate troops at the Battle of Drewry’s Bluff, Virginia.
1864: At the Battle of New Market, Virginia Military Institute cadets repel a Union attack.
1886: Emily Dickinson dies in Amherst, Mass., where she had lived in seclusion for the previous 24 years.
1916: U.S. Marines land in Santo Domingo to quell civil disorder.
1918: Pfc. Henry Johnson and Pfc. Needham Roberts receive the Croix de Guerre for their services in World War I. They are the first Americans to win France’s highest military medal.
1930: Ellen Church becomes the first airline stewardess.
1942: The United States begins rationing gasoline.
1958: Sputnik III is launched by the Soviet Union.
1963: The last Project Mercury space flight, carrying Gordon Cooper, is launched.
1968: U.S. Marines relieve army troops in Nhi Ha, South Vietnam after a fourteen-day battle.
1972: George Wallace is shot by Arthur Bremer in Laurel, Maryland.
1975: The merchant ship Mayaguez is recaptured from Cambodia’s Khmer Rouge.
1988: Soviets forces begin their withdrawal from Afghanistan.
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