1533: Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon is declared null and void.
1618: The Thirty Years War begins.
1701: Captain William Kidd, the Scottish pirate, is hanged on the banks of the Thames.
1785: Benjamin Franklin announces his invention of bifocals.
1788: South Carolina becomes the eighth state to ratify U.S. Constitution.
1861: Pro-Union and pro-Confederate forces clash in western Virginia.
1862: Confederate General "Stonewall" Jackson takes Front Royal, Virginia.
1864: Union General Ulysses Grant attempts to outflank Confederate Robert E. Lee in the Battle of North Anna, Virginia.
1900: Civil War hero Sgt. William H. Carney becomes the first African American to receive the Medal of Honor, thirty-seven years after the Battle of Fort Wagner.
1901: American forces capture Filipino rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo.
1915: Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary.
1934: Gangsters Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow are killed by Texas Rangers.
1945: Heinrich Himmler, the head of the Nazi Gestapo, commits suicide after being captured by Allied forces.
1949: The Federal Republic of West Germany is proclaimed.
1960: Israel announces the capture of Nazi Adolf Eichmann in Argentina.
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