858: Benedict III ends his reign as Catholic Pope.
1492: Christopher Columbus signs a contract with Spain to find a western route to the Indies.
1521: Martin Luther is excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church.
1524: Present-day New York Harbor is discovered by Giovanni Verrazano.
1535: Antonio Mendoza is appointed first viceroy of New Spain.
1758: Frances Williams, the first African-American to graduate for a college in the western hemisphere, publishes a collection of Latin poems.
1808: Bayonne Decree by Napoleon I of France orders seizure of U.S. ships.
1824: Russia abandons all North American claims south of 54′ 40′.
1861: Virginia become eighth state to secede from the Union.
1864: General Grant bans the trading of prisoners.
1865: Mary Surratt is arrested as a conspirator in the Lincoln assassination.
1875: The game "snooker" is invented by Sir Neville Chamberlain.
1895: China and Japan sign peace treaty of Shimonoseki.
1929: Baseball player Babe Ruth and Claire Hodgeson, a former member of the Ziegfield Follies, get married.
1946: The last French troops leave Syria.
1947: Jackie Robinson bunts for his first major league hit.
1961: Some 1,400 Cuban exiles attack the Bay of Pigs in an attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro.
1964: Jerrie Mock becomes first woman to fly solo around the world.
1969: Sirhan Sirhan is convicted of assassinating Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
1970: Apollo 13–originaly scheduled to land on the moon–lands back safely on Earth after an accident.
1975: Khmer Rouge forces capture the capital of Cambodia, Phnom Penh.
1983: In Warsaw, police rout 1,000 Solidarity supporters.
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